The electric compressor starts and compresses the refrigerant into high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The refrigerant enters the condenser, exchanges heat with the outside air, and condenses into a high-temperature, high-pressure liquid. The liquid refrigerant then flows through the chiller (water-cooled condenser). Here, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the coolant in the battery cooling circuit, transferring cooling energy to the coolant. The coolant is pumped into the battery cooling plate to absorb the heat generated by the battery and cool down the battery. At the same time, after passing through the expansion valve, another stream of refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator, blowing out cold air to cool the passenger compartment.

1.Preferential use of heat pump: The system switches the four-way reversing valve to make the air conditioning system operate in "reverse circulation" (i.e., heat pump mode). It absorbs heat from the outside air and blows warm air to the passenger compartment through the condenser in the vehicle. This mode has a much higher coefficient of performance (COP) than conventional PTC heating.

2.Auxiliary PTC heating: In an extremely low temperature environment, the efficiency of the heat pump decreases. The system will automatically activate the high-voltage PTC heater (usually integrated in the coolant circuit) as an auxiliary heat source to quickly heat the coolant, and then distribute the heat to the battery and passenger compartment through the water pump (through the heating core).